Somatization Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Somatization Disorder - Research Paper Example The ‘somatic’ symptoms that characterize the condition cause impairment, which impedes normal functioning and could cause significant distress. Hysteria is not common in the general populace. However, the condition occurs in 0.2% of males and 0.2% to 2% of females (Lichstein, 1986). Research has proven variation in occurrence, which is attributable to cultural differences. For example, the condition is significantly prevalent in Puerto Rico when compared to other regions (Glorisa et al. 2000). Approximately 10% to 20% percent of first-degree female relatives have the disorder, whereas; the male relatives exhibit heightened levels of sociopathy and alcoholism. Epidemiological studies also show that there is co-morbidity with other conditions of a psychological nature such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders and personality disorders such as dependent, narcissistic, borderline, avoidant, histrionic and antisocial personality disorders (Robert & Gold, 2008). Patients with somatization disorder display various physical complaints which may last for years. This complaint often includes chronic pain and problems in the reproductive, nervous and digestive systems. Stress has been found to worsen the problem and the symptoms often interfere with both relationships and work as patients seek medical attention (Lichstein, 1986). Diagnosis and other evaluations do not explain the symptoms or they may exceed expectations when compared to any medical illness of a similar nature that may be found. Symptom categories that may be experienced include: Somatization disorder starts prior to age 30 and is more prevalent among women than in men. The condition often affects people with chronic pain and irritable bowel syndrome. Somatisation disorder was in the past thought to relate to emotional stress, and the resultant pain was dismissed as a creation of the mind (Pribor et al. 1993).

There has been extensive research into whether employees are motivated Essay

There has been extensive research into whether employees are motivated purely by money, or whether there are other factors which - Essay Example One such theory is that employees are purely motivated by money. There are other theories that contradict this and argue that there are various other factors that motivate the employees and impact employee behavior. In this essay I evaluate both viewpoints and conclude my opinion on the debate. Motivation Before going on to see what motivates employees, it is first necessary to understand what exactly motivation is and the various motivation theories. Motivation is best defined by Armstrong (2002, p. 56) as a reason for a person to do something and move in a certain direction. Most people are motivated when they believe that a certain course of action leads to the achievement of a goal or results in a reward that satisfies a particular need. There are mainly two types of motivation: Intrinsic Motivation: This is motivation through work itself. This is a result of self generated factors which leads to people behaving in a particular way or particular direction. The various factors tha t are responsible for intrinsic motivation are creativity responsibility, challenging environment, scope for development of skills and abilities, growth opportunities, etc (Armstrong, 2007, p. 121). Extrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic motivation is inspired by what is done to or for people if they act in a certain way. That is, what is done to motivate people. These factors includes rewards such as pay, praise, recognition, raise and even punishments such as criticism, pay withholding, disciplinary action, etc (Armstrong, 2007, p. 121). Employee motivation depends on the individual. Each individual reacts to a situation in a different way and are motivated by different factors. Therefore, some employees are motivated by intrinsic factors while others are motivated by external factors. Money as motivator One of the very first theories that were published discussed how money is motivator for employees to perform better. It even concluded that money is the only factor that influences emplo yee motivation. Research was conducted by Fredrick Taylor in 1911 and according to him employees worked only on money. The reason for this is that when employees were offered pay based directly on their performance or productivity, it was observed that productivity increased. This resulted in greater productivity and proves the fact that money is an important motivator. There are various other researches that were conducted in order to prove the role that money plays as a motivator. It is argued that financial rewards give employees an opportunity to secure their personal lives. Main motive behind employees to work is that they want to earn money to take care of their personal life and their families. If money is taken out of the equation, irrespective of what the job offers, no employee would be willing to work. Hence money is a vital motivator. Money may not be the only motivator but is definitely the most fundamental one. There is evidence from various researches that have proved that where financial rewards are offered, better is the productivity and the commitment of the employees. One of the best examples of this is how the changes in the pay system made a direct impact on the productivity and growth of General Electric. CEO Jack Welch’s strategy of greater rewards for those employees with better individual and organizational performance made motivated the employees and resulted in the revitalization of the organization (Rynes et al., 2004, p. 392). In a recent survey,

Cutco corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cutco corporation - Case Study Example Proper marketing is very important in making sure that information reaches the appropriate target group and gives appropriate information about the organization and what it is about. The situation analysis gives information that the cooperation may require to take on a different form of advertisement. Considering a SWOT analysis of the situation combined with the 5Cs of marketing the following can be concluded. The method of advertisement that is currently in used is based on basic factors. One of this methods is the use of social media to advertisement is the use of social media in order to recruit sales persons and gain more customers. This method helps others become aware of the Cutco Company and how their products are helpful. However, there needs to be a clearer description of the material they sell and their use. What is highly required is that the organization is able to balance between the use of directness and the promotions of their cutlery to other unknown regions. There needs to be brand recognition among the alternatives offered before the customer. Factors such as brand personality are very important in establishing an emotional connection between the customer and the particular product that they need. Therefore, the Cutco Company should attempt to find a method that will enable their product lead to a sort of connection to their customers. This will promote the attachment that the customers will have with their products and even lead to more sales for the company. The chosen alternative is much helpful to the organization in that for one, they will have earned the loyalty of the customers. Therefore, each time the customer goes to purchase cutlery, they will prefer the cutlery made by this company. The other factor is that promoting brand personality will also promote the awareness about this product as people recommend to each other the cutlery by this company. As a result, there will be more sales and more revenue being earned by the

ETHICS (Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Essay

ETHICS (Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-supported Systems) Coursework Assignment Case - Essay Example There are only slightly differentiations made on the initial booking system – as being established in the firm in 1998. Now, 10 years after the weaknesses of the specific system have become obvious. The system does not include features that allow its users to proceed fast with each booking. As a result delays are noticed in the completion of bookings in the firm’s various departments. A new booking system is required the soonest possible. Current booking system is also unable to help the firm’s employees with the cross references in data held in the central database. As a result, important details on the clients’ health are often ignored. The main reason for the system’s failure is believed to be the fact that there is only one central point of booking – established in the booking office. However, the computers in the firm’s various departments should also offer access to the clients’ booking details – there is no way for the firm’s employees to be informed on existing bookings. Delays in the process of the clients’ booking details are also a common phenomenon with the firm’s current booking system. The improvement of the firm’s booking process could be achieved only by the replacement of existed system – by an appropriately customized IS. The main features of the suggested system will be: a) all the firm’s computers will have access to the booking details of the firm’s customers – in case that there is a need for changing these details then this task will be performed through the computer of the firm’s booking office, b) reports will be delivered for the firm’s employees, c) there will be no issue of delivering a false report on client (cross – reference of data). The performance of the new system will be based on specific criteria. The production of accurate reports on the

Article Critique - about a Private School Issue

Critique - about a Private School Issue - Article Example Through review and analysis of available literature concerning education, Shaw (2010) shows that education is a bad public good whose inefficiency as well as infectiveness can only be solved by competition from the private sector (education is also a private good). The article began by highlighting an economist’s assumption that at least education is in portion a public good. Since it has spillover benefits enjoyed by people although they do not pay for; and as result they are probable to be ‘free riders’ on the offered education. Under the present (or at least latest) economic theory, there is an assumption that education will be provided sub-optimally. As a result, the likely under-provision has resulted to the support of the concept that government should intervene to offer education. Today, education at all levels (apart from the initial few years after birth); the government substantially provides education almost everywhere in the world beginning with the Un ited States (Shaw, 2010). The design of the study bring into perspective studies that have discovered that the problem inherent in this development is quality of services provided by the government, education inclusive, is always poor. Provision of services by government is categorized as a public good. The government offers many services whose beneficiaries do not pay for. Those beneficiaries have a tendency of becoming free riders. They therefore do not offer the monitoring quality they would offer if they paid directly for the service. Roberts and Simpson (2011) have shown that the professional standing of education board members reflect on the overall state education ranking. This illustrates where the poor quality of the public good partly emanates from in support of this the argument that a public good is a bad public good. Referring to the impact of higher education, the author says that â€Å"contemporary education has stunted a whole person’s

Video Games Essay Example for Free

Video Games Essay Whenever I look out from my window at home, nothing but memories come back to me. When the time that me and my friends playing together with many kind of Filipino games like â€Å"Patintero†, â€Å"Langit Lupa†, â€Å"Black123† and many more. I was about 7 years old when I was always want to go outside to play with my friends from morning up to afternoon. My only break was when my Mom calling me saying that â€Å"we’re gonna eat our lunch† so I need to come back home as soon as possible. When I’m with my friends, my life has been always happier than when I am inside of our house. I really loved to be outside and play with my friends because it gives me fulfillment of my childhood life. As I become aware that my street has become barren from children playing outside, those memories soon fade away into silence. The truth of the matter is that video games have affected the children who play them. Although video games have been quite influential on our generation, video games have had a lot of negative effects on the children of today. Children have become obsessed with video games. Since 1980’s, the video game industry has expanded so much in the market, it is only getting larger with the growth of technology. And although these games provide much entertainment, it does not come without a cost. Since the rise of video games, more children have become more obese, more violent and less social.

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Essay In American society, the way people act is quite an interesting, yet confusing subject to look at. If you were to look closely at the behavior and the thinking of the average American man in the modern day, you would see that he is not too different from a man that lived one hundred years ago in America. Obviously many things have changed in society that make a man different nowadays compared to one hundred years ago, but the point is that, in general, the mind of an American person has kept the same characteristics. A great way to understand how an American mans mind has remained the same is by comparing The Great Gatsby with modern society in the United States. In this novel, which takes place in the 1920s, we see that the major themes incorporated into it are hope in the American Dream, the idea that rich are always entitled and never responsible for their behavior, and that the common man will keep trying to achieve the American Dream to the fullest even though he is vaguely aware that he has higher morals than the person he is seeking to become. Ever since the United States was founded, man has always hoped of becoming successful and even prosperous. All men were created equal according to our Declaration of Independence so the American Dream is something that any man can achieve if he puts in the work and the dedication needed. Plenty of hope is also needed if a man wishes to become successful in the United States because sometimes hard work and dedication alone are not enough. The main character in The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby, has, â€Å"some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life,† which is like saying that Gatsby is an average man that devotes his life to the American Dream and getting what he wants. Gatsby also has, â€Å"an extraordinary gift for hope,† which means that Gatsby has a positive attitude toward achieving the American Dream. Jay Gatsby can relate to many success stories that have happened recently in the United States. One example of a modern day Jay Gatsby is Oprah Winfrey. Oprah was born into a poor life with not much opportunity, but she did have hope and eventually she was able to work her way to the top of the American Dream. Having hope when trying to become successful is a must or your dream may never happen. It seems as though the old money, rich people think they have entitlement no matter what they do. The wealthy can have whatever they like all the time even if they dont morally deserve it. This has been the case in America for a long time, including the time of Jay Gatsby and also in modern day society. A major character in The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway, realizes that the rich lack responsibility for their actions and they continue living as though they have every right to their good fortune. Nick says, â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy – they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. † Even when Daisy murders Myrtle, Gatsby ends up paying the price for her because Daisy and Tom are careless and rich. Money is way more important to them than anything else in the world. There are many people in our society today like Daisy and Tom. One example is Paris Hilton, who basically goes around and parties with her fathers money. She can do whatever she wants and the money is always there to cover it up. It is amazing how money can determine someones character. The common man seems to always fight to have the American Dream even if they realize that they have higher morals than those who already are successful. Money can blind a person from realizing that having good morals is more important than having financial success. The Great Gatsby shows that Jay Gatsby innocently pursued the American Dream, he worked on personal improvement his whole life, and he continued his hard pursuit even with forces working against him. He ultimately was killed because of people unlike him that had money but no morals. Gatsby tried to have money and great morals and that is something that is not exactly possible. People nowadays try all the time to pursue the American Dream while remaining a good person with morals. It is hard to have it both ways and that is evident after reading about Jay Gatsby. Realizing that modern day society is still the same as it was in The Great Gatsby is important. The author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, would very likely agree that todays society is no different than the society portrayed in his novel. Everybody wants to pursue the American Dream and remain as a good person, but as you look at Jay Gatsby, it is easy to see that it is extremely hard to accomplish and maintain. Maybe soon society will become a fair playing ground, but for now all people can do is hope that life works out for the better.